ʻO ka lawelawe kūʻai ʻana i ka chip ʻoihana ʻoihana hoʻokahi

ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo nā huahana ʻoihana i kahi lōʻihi kiʻekiʻe / haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa, paʻakai paʻakai ikaika a me ka radiation electromagnetic i loko o kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wahi ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, no laila pono ke kūpaʻa nā ʻāpana ʻoihana, hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe a me ka palekana kiʻekiʻe. he lōʻihi ke ola lawelawe (i ka mana, no ka laʻana, koi ʻia ka helu hāʻule ʻole o ka noi chip ʻoihana ma lalo o hoʻokahi miliona, pono kekahi mau huahana kī "0" lapse rate, nā koi ola hoʻolālā huahana 7 * 24 hola, 10-20 mau makahiki o ka hana mau. (ʻOiai ka helu o ka mea kūʻai uila uila hemahema o ʻekolu kaukani o ka pākēneka, ke ola hoʻolālā o 1-3 mau makahiki) No laila, ʻo ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻenehana e hōʻoia i ka mana o ka hopena, e koi ana i nā haneli miliona o nā chips me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maikaʻi. nā mea hiki, a me kekahi mau huahana ʻoihana ʻoihana pono e hana i kahi kaʻina hana hoʻolaʻa.

ʻO ka lua, ʻo nā ʻāpana ʻoihana e hoʻokō i nā pono maʻamau o nā huahana like ʻole, a no laila ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻāpana mea kūʻai aku e alualu i ke ao holoʻokoʻa, standardized, price-sensitive.Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻenehana, hoʻokahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi akā me ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe, e koi ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana o R&D a me nā noi, i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana no nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi, a hoʻokumu i nā hoʻonā me ka ʻaoʻao noi, no laila he mea koʻikoʻi ka noiʻi noiʻi. e like me ka ʻenehana hou.ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka maʻalahi o ka mākeke chip ʻoihana āpau e nā fluctuations i ka boom o kahi ʻoihana hoʻokahi.No laila, mamao loa ka loli o ke kumu kūʻai mai ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻāpana kikohoʻe e like me nā ʻāpana hoʻomanaʻo a me nā kaapuni logic, a he liʻiliʻi ka piʻi ʻana o ka mākeke.ʻO ka laina huahana papa hana ʻoihana nui loa o ka honua ʻo Texas Instruments a ʻoi aku ma mua o 10,000 mau ʻano, ʻoi aku ka waiwai nui o nā huahana a ʻoi aku ma mua o 60%, aʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka loaʻa kālā keu.

ʻO ke kolu, ʻo ke kumu hoʻomohala nui o nā ʻoihana chip ʻoihana no ke ʻano IDM.ʻOkoʻa loa ka hana ʻana o ka chip Industrial, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻina hana kūikawā, e like me BCD (Biploar, CMOS, DMOS), nā wahi kiʻekiʻe-frequency a me SiGe (silicon germanium) a me GaAs (gallium arsenide), ka nui o ka hana ma ka laina hana i kūkulu ʻia. e noʻonoʻo i ka maikaʻi, no laila pono pinepine e hoʻopili i ke kaʻina hana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana, a me ka hoʻolālā a me ke kaʻina hana hohonu o ka hoʻohui ʻana e hoʻokō i nā pono o nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi ʻoihana kūikawā.Hiki i ke kumu hoʻohālike IDM ke hoʻoikaika i ka hana huahana a hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hana ma o nā kaʻina hana hana maʻamau, no laila e lilo i kumu hoʻolālā makemake ʻia no nā ʻoihana chip ʻoihana nui o ka honua.ʻO ka loaʻa kālā o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā chip ʻoihana honua ma kahi o $48.56 biliona, ʻo $37 biliona ka loaʻa kālā i hāʻawi ʻia e nā hui IDM, a ʻo 18 o nā hui ʻoihana ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe o ka honua he mau hui IDM.

ʻO ka ʻehā, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mākeke o nā ʻoihana chip, a paʻa ke kūlana o ka mea nui no ka manawa lōʻihi.Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka mākeke chip ʻoihana, ʻo nā ʻoihana nui me kekahi mau mana hoʻohui, nā kaʻina hana i hoʻolaʻa ʻia a me ka hiki ke hana e noho i kahi māhele mākeke nui, a hoʻomau i ka ulu nui a me ka ikaika ma o ka loaʻa ʻana a me nā pono.Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka hoʻolohi pinepine ʻana o ka ʻoihana chip ʻoihana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā huahana, ka hopena i ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻoihana hou e komo ana i kēia kahua, hoʻomau ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ke ʻano monopoly ʻoihana.No laila, ʻo ke ʻano o ka mākeke chip ʻenehana holoʻokoʻa e hōʻike ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o "ka nui mau ka nui, nui ka hopena monopoly mākeke".I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻoihana chip 40 o ka honua i ka 80% o ka huina o ka mākeke, ʻoiai ʻo ka mākeke chip industrial US, nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe 20 US i hāʻawi i ka 92.8% o ka mākeke.

ʻO ke kūlana hoʻomohala ʻenehana ʻoihana ʻo Kina

Me ka hoʻolaha ikaika ʻana o Kina i nā ʻōnaehana hou a me ka Pūnaewele ʻenehana, ʻike pū ka nui o ka mākeke chip ʻenehana o Kina i ka ulu wikiwiki.Ma ka 2025, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka noi makahiki no nā chips i loko o ka mana uila o Kina, ka halihali kaʻaahi, ka ikehu a me nā kemika, nā municipal a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e kokoke ana i RMB 200 biliona.Wahi a ka nui o ka mākeke o ka ʻoihana chip a Kina i ka makahiki 2025 ma mua o 2 trillion mau manaʻo, ʻo ka noi no nā chips ʻoihana wale nō i helu ʻia no 10%.I waena o lākou, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka noi no ka ʻoihana ʻenehana a me nā ʻāpana hoʻokele, nā ʻāpana analog a me nā sensor i ʻoi aku ma mua o 60%.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ʻo Kina he ʻāina ʻoihana nui, akā i ka loulou chip kumu ma hope loa.I kēia manawa, he nui nā ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻo Kina, ʻaʻole nui ka helu, akā ʻo ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole i hana i kahi synergy, ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali o ka hoʻokūkū ma mua o nā mea hana ʻē aʻe, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā huahana i ka mākeke haʻahaʻa.Wahi a ka ʻikepili hou mai IC Insights, Taiwan's Industrial Technology International Strategy Development Institute, ʻo nā ʻoihana hoʻolālā IC 10 nui ma 2019, ma ke ʻano, Heisi, Ziguang Group, Howe Technology, Bitmain, ZTE Microelectronics, Huada Integrated Circuit, Nanrui Smartcore Microelectronics , ISSI, Zhaoyi Innovation, a me Datang Semiconductor.Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka hiku o ka Beijing Smartcore Microelectronics, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea i loko o kēia papa inoa o ka loaʻa kālā mai nā mea hana kīwī ʻoihana, ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku no ka hoʻohana kīwila.

Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau hoʻolālā kūloko a me ka hana ʻana o nā mea hana chip i loko o kēia papa inoa, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka sensor a me nā mana mana, ua hana kekahi mau ʻoihana kūloko i kahi holomua.E like me Goer ka mea alakaʻi i ka home sensor kahua, i ka ʻoihana electro-acoustic micro electro-acoustic nā mea a me nā mea kūʻai aku electro-acoustic huahana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i kahi hoʻokūkū loa.Ma ke ʻano o nā mana mana, nā ʻoihana kūloko, i hōʻike ʻia e CNMC a me BYD, ua loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ma ke kahua o IGBT, e ʻike ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka home o IGBT no nā kaʻa uila a me ke kaʻa kaʻa kiʻekiʻe.

Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo nā mea hana ʻenehana ʻenehana kūloko o Kina, ʻo nā huahana ka nui o nā mana mana, ka mana o ka ʻenehana MCU, nā mea ʻike, ʻoiai ma nā ʻāpana nui ʻē aʻe o nā ʻāpana ʻenehana, e like me nā huahana analog kiʻekiʻe, ADC, CPU, FPGA, mālama ʻoihana, etc., aia nō kahi ākea nui ma waena o nā ʻoihana Kina a me nā mea hana nui honua.

No ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana ʻoihana o Kina ma mua o nā ʻāpana ʻenehana, a ʻo nā ʻāpana i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hana ʻoihana e kūʻai nui ʻia mai nā mea hana haole nui.Ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hakakā kālepa ma waena o Kina a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā mea hana kūloko i nā manawa hoʻāʻo liʻiliʻi, i kekahi manawa i keakea i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻenehana kūloko a ua hōʻino pū ʻia hoʻi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā mana anti-risk kūloko.He ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana ʻenehana mai nā ʻāpana mea kūʻai aku, me nā koi holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe, nā pōkole R&D lōʻihi, kūpaʻa noi kiʻekiʻe a me ke alapine hoʻololi haʻahaʻa.Ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻia ʻana o ke kaulahao hoʻolako chip honua i nā kumu kūʻai ʻole, paʻakikī ke ʻimi i nā mea pani kūpono i loko o kahi manawa pōkole ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻolaha nui ʻana o nā ʻāpana ʻenehana kūloko a me ka hoʻāʻo a me ka hewa. a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, no laila e pili ana i ka hana o nā ʻōnaehana ʻoihana.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i ka pōʻaiapili o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka home, pono nā ʻoihana kuʻuna e hoʻoulu i nā wahi ulu ʻoihana hou, a ʻo nā ʻōnaehana hou e pili ana i nā ʻāpana ʻoihana e hāpai i ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana, akā inā ʻo ka pilikia o nā ʻāʻī paʻa. ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia, e hoʻopili pololei ia i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana hou a kaohi i ka holomua mau o ka hoʻolālā mana ʻenehana.Ma muli o kēia, pono nā ʻāpana ʻenehana kūloko o Kina i kahi wahi hoʻomohala nui a me ka mākeke, ʻaʻole ia e kūpono i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana chip kūloko, akā i ka hana olakino a maikaʻi hoʻi o ka ʻōnaehana ʻoihana.